![]() ![]() ![]() It also examines how the Batswana began to translate Moffat and his books (the Bible) into their own spiritual categories by regarding him as ngaka and referring to his books (the Bible) as bola (the divination set). The paper also traces the resistance Moffat encountered in this specific endeavour. It analyses Moffat’s encounter with the ngaka, his characterisation of the ngaka and his efforts to translate the ngaka from a central social welfare figure among the Batswana to a marginal if not an outright evil pretender. Find all the courses provided by Moffat Bible College in Educartis. ![]() This paper traces and analyses Robert Moffat’s rewriting of the concepts of ngaka and bongaka in his 1842 monumental volume. That the modern colonial framework dismissed all other forms of spiritual knowledge(s), situated the ngaka and bongaka (the practice of ngaka) at the center of the colonial missionary displeasure. Ngaka (the indigenous doctor and healer among Tswana speaking people) represented the spiritual priest among the Batswana and hence a great challenge to missionaries of colonial times, whose agenda was to sell a different form of spirituality. ![]()
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